1 00:00:00,890 --> 00:00:04,110 Terror in Germany for three 2 00:00:04,110 --> 00:00:06,060 decades, the red army faction has kept the 3 00:00:06,060 --> 00:00:08,840 federal republic breathless with 4 00:00:08,840 --> 00:00:12,269 attacks, kidnappings, murders, while I am 5 00:00:12,269 --> 00:00:15,210 talking about higher nowhere safe on the 6 00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:18,449 guilty perpetrators, a small group of 7 00:00:18,449 --> 00:00:23,090 left-wing rebels have been used in the fight against the 8 00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:25,760 state and are being put to the test by intelligence services 9 00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:28,090 from all over the 10 00:00:28,090 --> 00:00:31,130 world not only for the 11 00:00:31,130 --> 00:00:33,910 federal republic 12 00:00:45,060 --> 00:00:48,530 [music] 13 00:00:48,530 --> 00:00:50,500 14 00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:52,460 15 00:00:52,460 --> 00:00:55,310 a whole generation is seething in the newly founded federal republic in 16 00:00:55,310 --> 00:00:58,380 1968 the student movement is at its 17 00:00:58,380 --> 00:01:01,470 height the youth revolt 18 00:01:01,470 --> 00:01:04,560 lives on with the state authorities 19 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:07,670 [music] 20 00:01:07,670 --> 00:01:10,250 from this group of young rebels 21 00:01:10,250 --> 00:01:12,439 it emerges the later red army faction 22 00:01:12,439 --> 00:01:14,360 with its founding members 23 00:01:14,360 --> 00:01:17,659 andreas baader gudrun ensslin and ulrike meinhof their concern to 24 00:01:17,659 --> 00:01:19,030 challenge 25 00:01:19,030 --> 00:01:22,310 the state 26 00:01:22,310 --> 00:01:24,420 and to radically change it 27 00:01:24,420 --> 00:01:26,090 [applause] 28 00:01:26,090 --> 00:01:29,060 they were really afraid that this 29 00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:31,270 germany i this federal 30 00:01:31,270 --> 00:01:35,479 republic fell back in bad times the 31 00:01:35,479 --> 00:01:38,569 more we analyzed it Got it, it 32 00:01:38,569 --> 00:01:40,399 was also proven in legal 33 00:01:40,399 --> 00:01:41,319 proceedings, 34 00:01:41,319 --> 00:01:44,119 all the more so we were actually finished with 35 00:01:44,119 --> 00:01:46,869 this start 36 00:01:46,869 --> 00:01:49,250 Germany after the second world war 37 00:01:49,250 --> 00:01:52,490 the cities are being rebuilt from 38 00:01:52,490 --> 00:01:54,109 the rubble the so-called economic miracle grows out of the ruins 39 00:01:54,109 --> 00:01:55,990 40 00:01:55,990 --> 00:01:58,429 with the help of the marshall plan of the 41 00:01:58,429 --> 00:02:02,149 americans the country on which people 42 00:02:02,149 --> 00:02:04,340 have to eat again and build 43 00:02:04,340 --> 00:02:09,069 their small, modest prosperity on 44 00:02:09,579 --> 00:02:12,470 the children of this generation, who 45 00:02:12,470 --> 00:02:14,660 even then in the 1950s and 46 00:02:14,660 --> 00:02:17,269 60s gradually learned the 47 00:02:17,269 --> 00:02:19,250 atrocities that took place in the third 48 00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:21,769 empire and they were shocked and say 49 00:02:21,769 --> 00:02:23,870 it can't all be 50 00:02:23,870 --> 00:02:26,480 to pay attention to money for prosperity We just want to 51 00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:28,910 reflect on the time 52 00:02:28,910 --> 00:02:30,109 that lies ahead of us, in which we live and 53 00:02:30,109 --> 00:02:33,019 in particular we just want to 54 00:02:33,019 --> 00:02:35,420 think about what is the point and 55 00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:37,450 now this life 56 00:02:37,450 --> 00:02:39,889 is beginning everywhere in the young federal republic 57 00:02:39,889 --> 00:02:42,019 , former officials from 58 00:02:42,019 --> 00:02:43,849 Hitler’s empire are again sitting in official 59 00:02:43,849 --> 00:02:46,790 positions like federal president t 60 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:48,819 lübke who once worked as an architect at 61 00:02:48,819 --> 00:02:51,349 concentration camp prisoners 62 00:02:51,349 --> 00:02:55,420 is hard to bear for the younger generation 63 00:02:55,780 --> 00:02:58,269 many 64 00:02:58,269 --> 00:03:01,010 nazis had common cause with the 65 00:03:01,010 --> 00:03:03,829 crimes in the elites 66 00:03:03,829 --> 00:03:05,980 of the republic of that time were 67 00:03:05,980 --> 00:03:09,260 virulent but any criticism of 68 00:03:09,260 --> 00:03:11,200 it was already considered 69 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:13,010 anti-subversive and un-Germans 70 00:03:13,010 --> 00:03:15,600 polemical say 71 00:03:15,600 --> 00:03:19,150 1966 cdu and spd form the 72 00:03:19,150 --> 00:03:21,790 grand coalition kurt kiesinger a 73 00:03:21,790 --> 00:03:24,520 former nsdap member becomes chancellor 74 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:27,100 there is a risk of a tasting of 75 00:03:27,100 --> 00:03:30,970 the political situation 76 00:03:30,970 --> 00:03:34,360 the grand coalition has been linked to a substantial 77 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:36,880 loss of opposition, which 78 00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:39,580 means that the fear was expressed at that time 79 00:03:39,580 --> 00:03:42,069 only that fdp was, so to speak, the remaining 80 00:03:42,069 --> 00:03:44,290 opposition in the bundestag and 81 00:03:44,290 --> 00:03:45,910 numerically was not at all able to 82 00:03:45,910 --> 00:03:47,380 counter the two large 83 00:03:47,380 --> 00:03:50,830 popular parties, the union cdu csu and the 84 00:03:50,830 --> 00:03:53,380 spd, that 85 00:03:53,380 --> 00:03:55,989 there would be no 86 00:03:55,989 --> 00:03:58,410 possibility of 87 00:03:58,410 --> 00:04:02,040 being able to deal with the really important issues in parliament 88 00:04:02,250 --> 00:04:04,500 the opposition must so outside 89 00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:05,810 90 00:04:05,810 --> 00:04:08,400 The 91 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:10,230 universities in the major German 92 00:04:10,230 --> 00:04:12,840 cities will be the 93 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:14,730 nucleus of the 94 00:04:14,730 --> 00:04:17,220 resistance within parliament 95 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:20,209 96 00:04:20,779 --> 00:04:23,060 97 00:04:23,060 --> 00:04:25,130 98 00:04:25,130 --> 00:04:26,620 99 00:04:26,620 --> 00:04:30,200 the rest of the 100 00:04:30,200 --> 00:04:32,169 republic will have 101 00:04:32,169 --> 00:04:34,220 charismatic founding member is 102 00:04:34,220 --> 00:04:36,830 rudi dutschke is max is 103 00:04:36,830 --> 00:04:38,630 parliamentary democracy he wants to 104 00:04:38,630 --> 00:04:41,540 replace the existing parliamentary system with a rescuing rule i 105 00:04:41,540 --> 00:04:43,880 consider the existing parliamentary 106 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:45,560 system to be unusable, 107 00:04:45,560 --> 00:04:49,190 which means that in para in 108 00:04:49,190 --> 00:04:52,280 our parliament we have no representative 109 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:55,190 who represents the interests of our 110 00:04:55,190 --> 00:04:56,930 population of our 111 00:04:56,930 --> 00:04:59,300 population he was able to pull thousands of 112 00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:01,610 tens of thousands of answers under the spell of 113 00:05:01,610 --> 00:05:03,980 the event with weird how 114 00:05:03,980 --> 00:05:06,140 to make a television discussion so he 115 00:05:06,140 --> 00:05:08,210 was the by no one elected but 116 00:05:08,210 --> 00:05:10,330 generally recognized spokesman for the 117 00:05:10,330 --> 00:05:12,620 student body ewegung he was a gifted 118 00:05:12,620 --> 00:05:14,560 rhetorician 119 00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:16,910 the german students are not 120 00:05:16,910 --> 00:05:19,190 alone also in france, the usa and 121 00:05:19,190 --> 00:05:21,460 even in japan the young people rebel 122 00:05:21,460 --> 00:05:24,410 , especially in protest against the 123 00:05:24,410 --> 00:05:26,680 vietnam 124 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:29,630 war more and more senseless the war seems to be more and 125 00:05:29,630 --> 00:05:31,669 more casualties from the civilian population 126 00:05:31,669 --> 00:05:34,310 to lament fear of escape and 127 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:37,990 Expulsion are the order of the day 128 00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:44,370 since 65 the usa have been actively participating in 129 00:05:44,370 --> 00:05:46,710 the bombings the people that brought 130 00:05:46,710 --> 00:05:48,150 german peace and democracy are 131 00:05:48,150 --> 00:05:50,310 now waging a bloody 132 00:05:50,310 --> 00:05:53,330 war in vietnam 133 00:05:54,830 --> 00:05:57,140 the allegations are related to the fact that 134 00:05:57,140 --> 00:05:59,300 germany is said to support 135 00:05:59,300 --> 00:06:01,280 americans in vietnam war we were 136 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:02,600 n't war participants that we know 137 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:04,430 everything the man who provided the 138 00:06:04,430 --> 00:06:06,650 bases we were anyway there 139 00:06:06,650 --> 00:06:08,690 were a lot of american troops here 140 00:06:08,690 --> 00:06:11,800 that was 141 00:06:14,770 --> 00:06:17,270 the vietnam congress in berlin in 142 00:06:17,270 --> 00:06:20,180 february 68 is the climax of the anti 143 00:06:20,180 --> 00:06:23,330 vietnam movement 5000 participants from 14 144 00:06:23,330 --> 00:06:26,600 nations have 145 00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:29,120 registered students sympathize with the 146 00:06:29,120 --> 00:06:31,340 opponents of the usa in vietnam will 147 00:06:31,340 --> 00:06:33,580 come 148 00:06:38,529 --> 00:06:40,419 the opinion making the newspapers of the 149 00:06:40,419 --> 00:06:42,669 axel springer group create a 150 00:06:42,669 --> 00:06:45,359 good mood against the demonstrators 151 00:06:45,359 --> 00:06:49,359 like bild.de correctly named students as terrorists 152 00:06:49,359 --> 00:06:52,899 and she has them 153 00:06:52,899 --> 00:06:54,969 in one way and him in one 154 00:06:54,969 --> 00:06:57,219 way motives Assuming that 155 00:06:57,219 --> 00:07:00,549 these young people at that time certainly did not 156 00:07:00,549 --> 00:07:03,249 have, some of them, perhaps, but not in 157 00:07:03,249 --> 00:07:05,649 principle, and so 158 00:07:05,649 --> 00:07:09,779 she declared these children of the real class 159 00:07:09,779 --> 00:07:13,019 160 00:07:13,319 --> 00:07:15,519 161 00:07:15,519 --> 00:07:18,039 162 00:07:18,039 --> 00:07:20,549 163 00:07:22,009 --> 00:07:24,889 164 00:07:24,889 --> 00:07:27,630 terrorists stuck over the 165 00:07:27,630 --> 00:07:30,229 food 166 00:07:31,010 --> 00:07:33,270 for the first time the question is discussed whether 167 00:07:33,270 --> 00:07:37,550 one can also use violence in protest 168 00:07:41,570 --> 00:07:44,880 the question is what is legitimate to 169 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:48,200 draw attention to 170 00:07:48,770 --> 00:07:51,510 grievances not at all that is why 171 00:07:51,510 --> 00:07:52,950 provocations are indispensable 172 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:54,330 prerequisites for 173 00:07:54,330 --> 00:07:56,780 public 174 00:07:56,780 --> 00:07:59,130 relations provocation and protest are the 175 00:07:59,130 --> 00:08:01,710 buzzwords of the time the youth wants to 176 00:08:01,710 --> 00:08:03,840 break with the conventions the prudish 177 00:08:03,840 --> 00:08:06,000 sexual morality of the 50s 178 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,390 leave behind long hair and beat music instead of 179 00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:11,980 uptight moral ideas 180 00:08:11,980 --> 00:08:15,760 [applause] 181 00:08:15,760 --> 00:08:18,009 [music] 182 00:08:18,009 --> 00:08:20,870 a conflict arises between the 183 00:08:20,870 --> 00:08:21,850 generations 184 00:08:21,850 --> 00:08:24,169 parents no longer understand their children 185 00:08:24,169 --> 00:08:26,509 and the children can 186 00:08:26,509 --> 00:08:29,120 hardly understand their parents' worldview Endure as with Fritz 187 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:30,740 teufel one of the most prominent 188 00:08:30,740 --> 00:08:33,490 members of the protest movement through 189 00:08:33,490 --> 00:08:36,320 the sayings that my father could not overhear, 190 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:37,669 for 191 00:08:37,669 --> 00:08:39,830 example when he heard news on the 192 00:08:39,830 --> 00:08:42,679 radio about fidel castro, the speech 193 00:08:42,679 --> 00:08:45,610 was announced 194 00:08:46,510 --> 00:08:49,580 when she finally 195 00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:52,370 spoke to fidel castro fidel castro it has a 196 00:08:52,370 --> 00:08:53,839 pun but I didn't think it was so 197 00:08:53,839 --> 00:08:54,970 funny 198 00:08:54,970 --> 00:08:57,860 there are ideas for new 199 00:08:57,860 --> 00:09:00,170 200 00:09:00,170 --> 00:09:02,540 201 00:09:02,540 --> 00:09:05,870 202 00:09:05,870 --> 00:09:07,690 203 00:09:07,690 --> 00:09:10,310 ways of life first attempt at a consistent implementation is the commune 1 at stuttgarter platz in west berlin [music] the aim of the commune of the communards 204 00:09:10,310 --> 00:09:14,060 was something like a ja wie 205 00:09:14,060 --> 00:09:15,830 to make a radical change in 206 00:09:15,830 --> 00:09:18,320 everyday life di e separation 207 00:09:18,320 --> 00:09:21,589 between privacy and work between 208 00:09:21,589 --> 00:09:23,390 intimacy and the public to be 209 00:09:23,390 --> 00:09:25,730 abolished that means also 210 00:09:25,730 --> 00:09:28,220 to practice another form of sexuality which was 211 00:09:28,220 --> 00:09:29,329 then 212 00:09:29,329 --> 00:09:31,910 translated in the tabloid press 213 00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:35,350 so that everyone sleeps with everyone and 214 00:09:35,350 --> 00:09:38,179 so we didn't wait to have too 215 00:09:38,179 --> 00:09:39,519 many 216 00:09:39,519 --> 00:09:42,020 problems 217 00:09:42,020 --> 00:09:43,600 [music] 218 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:46,240 except 219 00:09:46,240 --> 00:09:48,610 The members of the commune are once 220 00:09:48,610 --> 00:09:51,160 known for their revealing sexual morality for their courageous forms of protest 221 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:53,139 with which they 222 00:09:53,139 --> 00:09:56,490 223 00:09:58,780 --> 00:10:02,150 draw attention to political 224 00:10:02,150 --> 00:10:04,100 225 00:10:04,100 --> 00:10:06,650 226 00:10:06,650 --> 00:10:08,240 227 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:09,070 228 00:10:09,070 --> 00:10:12,169 229 00:10:12,420 --> 00:10:15,110 grievances and we just 230 00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:17,490 wanted to make a fool of him we wanted to 231 00:10:17,490 --> 00:10:20,329 make a fool of all the authorities 232 00:10:20,329 --> 00:10:23,420 and then we thought 233 00:10:23,420 --> 00:10:26,420 234 00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,329 about tinkering with smoking candles and wanted to throw garbage bags great 235 00:10:30,329 --> 00:10:32,279 if we wanted to mess up the convoy 236 00:10:32,279 --> 00:10:34,370 237 00:10:34,370 --> 00:10:36,839 shortly before humphries will arrive 238 00:10:36,839 --> 00:10:38,610 fritz teufel and his commu 239 00:10:38,610 --> 00:10:40,199 narden buddy rainer langhans and dieter 240 00:10:40,199 --> 00:10:42,930 kunzelmann arrested the police had got 241 00:10:42,930 --> 00:10:45,240 wind of an action that is known to 242 00:10:45,240 --> 00:10:47,790 this day as the pudding assassination 243 00:10:47,790 --> 00:10:50,000 244 00:10:50,290 --> 00:10:51,560 [music] 245 00:10:51,560 --> 00:10:55,560 246 00:10:55,560 --> 00:10:57,589 247 00:10:57,589 --> 00:10:59,730 248 00:10:59,730 --> 00:11:01,440 command arrested because there was obviously information from the secret service about their planning and it was not 249 00:11:01,440 --> 00:11:03,329 possible to assess whether that actually planned an 250 00:11:03,329 --> 00:11:06,959 assassination attempt and then they demonstrated in front of 251 00:11:06,959 --> 00:11:09,209 a television team that the mandate 252 00:11:09,209 --> 00:11:11,339 for pudding would have wanted to live and so 253 00:11:11,339 --> 00:11:12,540 on and so forth that of course created 254 00:11:12,540 --> 00:11:14,970 an effect and so it was 255 00:11:14,970 --> 00:11:17,430 often the case with municipalities, so as long as 256 00:11:17,430 --> 00:11:19,829 the institutions were packed and they 257 00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:21,510 actually stood always pretty 258 00:11:21,510 --> 00:11:24,630 stupid and stupid 259 00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:26,760 a young man from munich appears again and again at commune 1 260 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:29,490 a certain andreas 261 00:11:29,490 --> 00:11:31,820 262 00:11:33,009 --> 00:11:37,489 baader bader was born in munich in 1943 the 263 00:11:37,489 --> 00:11:40,459 20-year-old school dropout comes 63 from 264 00:11:40,459 --> 00:11:42,170 munich to berlin 265 00:11:42,170 --> 00:11:45,110 [music 266 00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:48,709 ] i'll be andreas, for example 267 00:11:48,709 --> 00:11:52,339 to have met baader and I knew him 268 00:11:52,339 --> 00:11:56,269 anyway o privately years before 269 00:11:56,269 --> 00:11:58,490 whoever I think I was as 270 00:11:58,490 --> 00:12:01,880 apolitical as I was again and again 271 00:12:01,880 --> 00:12:03,829 bader participates in the fun political protest of 272 00:12:03,829 --> 00:12:06,620 commune 1 only a few years later 273 00:12:06,620 --> 00:12:08,570 he will radicalize and the republic is preparing to become a 274 00:12:08,570 --> 00:12:12,310 co-founder of the raf 275 00:12:13,410 --> 00:12:16,500 in the spring of 1967 276 00:12:16,500 --> 00:12:19,259 visit before the shah 277 00:12:19,259 --> 00:12:21,449 of persia and his wife farah diba pay 278 00:12:21,449 --> 00:12:24,660 a visit to germany for four 279 00:12:24,660 --> 00:12:26,670 days or more you should travel through the republic 280 00:12:26,670 --> 00:12:29,910 the figure of the shah was 281 00:12:29,910 --> 00:12:31,170 basically a figure of the 282 00:12:31,170 --> 00:12:33,170 283 00:12:33,170 --> 00:12:35,220 rainbow press because the schalke was married by the egg, i.e. 284 00:12:35,220 --> 00:12:37,680 initially 285 00:12:37,680 --> 00:12:41,970 a woman of german origin as his wife 286 00:12:41,970 --> 00:12:44,629 and 287 00:12:44,629 --> 00:12:47,930 this picture has been corrected more and more 288 00:12:47,930 --> 00:12:51,899 by the iranian students who have studied in 289 00:12:51,899 --> 00:12:53,540 other universities in berlin 290 00:12:53,540 --> 00:12:55,920 291 00:12:55,920 --> 00:12:58,980 and one then learned to understand the 292 00:12:58,980 --> 00:13:00,420 shah above all as a 293 00:13:00,420 --> 00:13:03,389 despot and a lackey of the usa 294 00:13:03,389 --> 00:13:06,360 295 00:13:06,360 --> 00:13:08,550 while elisa der colorful leaves eagerly awaiting the 296 00:13:08,550 --> 00:13:11,070 visit one 297 00:13:11,070 --> 00:13:13,410 deals with u universities of berlin with 298 00:13:13,410 --> 00:13:14,940 the political circumstances in the country of 299 00:13:14,940 --> 00:13:17,600 origin of the pompous visit 300 00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:20,310 here is not talk of glory and glory 301 00:13:20,310 --> 00:13:22,140 but of the undemocratic 302 00:13:22,140 --> 00:13:24,930 conditions in iran from torture of 303 00:13:24,930 --> 00:13:28,110 students by the regime, 304 00:13:28,110 --> 00:13:31,470 one student was killed 45 members of the 305 00:13:31,470 --> 00:13:33,300 faculty and the hired 306 00:13:33,300 --> 00:13:36,480 200 students injured had to go to the 307 00:13:36,480 --> 00:13:37,670 hospital 308 00:13:37,670 --> 00:13:40,350 also the student benno ohnesorg is 309 00:13:40,350 --> 00:13:42,779 among the audience he decides to take part in the 310 00:13:42,779 --> 00:13:44,640 protests against the 311 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:45,940 shah the following day 312 00:13:45,940 --> 00:13:49,870 [music] 313 00:13:49,870 --> 00:13:52,670 with all of us the couple from the 314 00:13:52,670 --> 00:13:54,440 east is welcomed by the mayor of 315 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:57,530 berlin in the beautiful town hall it should 316 00:13:57,530 --> 00:13:58,910 be in the golden book of the city 317 00:13:58,910 --> 00:14:01,420 318 00:14:01,510 --> 00:14:04,190 sign in in front of the town hall demonstrators have 319 00:14:04,190 --> 00:14:06,200 gathered they loudly emphasize their 320 00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:08,270 disapproval of this start of reception, supporters of 321 00:14:08,270 --> 00:14:11,770 322 00:14:13,150 --> 00:14:15,490 the Shah have also come 323 00:14:15,490 --> 00:14:17,680 to cheer their head of state 324 00:14:17,680 --> 00:14:19,420 among them members of the 325 00:14:19,420 --> 00:14:22,240 persian secret service but it does 326 00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,210 not stop at cheering with batons and 327 00:14:25,210 --> 00:14:26,860 beating wooden slats at the 328 00:14:26,860 --> 00:14:29,380 demonstrating students the 329 00:14:29,380 --> 00:14:33,150 german police look idly at 330 00:14:33,150 --> 00:14:36,250 there comes a potentate from iran 331 00:14:36,250 --> 00:14:38,590 someone who had nothing to do with a democrat 332 00:14:38,590 --> 00:14:40,810 the visit to the 333 00:14:40,810 --> 00:14:43,390 federal republic as a state guest so far so 334 00:14:43,390 --> 00:14:46,240 bad but not only that he 335 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:49,060 brings his own Thug squad with whom 336 00:14:49,060 --> 00:14:50,890 it is permitted and in the eyes of the 337 00:14:50,890 --> 00:14:52,750 Berlin police, i.e. a police 338 00:14:52,750 --> 00:14:54,820 directly acting in accordance with the rule of law 339 00:14:54,820 --> 00:14:56,430 , would have been 340 00:14:56,430 --> 00:14:59,080 obliged to attack people who do more than 341 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:02,370 express slogans against the potentate, 342 00:15:02,370 --> 00:15:04,420 unimpressed by the public 343 00:15:04,420 --> 00:15:06,190 unrest, the daily protocol is 344 00:15:06,190 --> 00:15:08,380 pulled through for the evening a 345 00:15:08,380 --> 00:15:11,430 visit to the german opera is 346 00:15:11,430 --> 00:15:13,870 planned here, too, demonstrating 347 00:15:13,870 --> 00:15:16,350 students have come 348 00:15:16,350 --> 00:15:19,000 while the visiting couple accompanied by 349 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:20,950 federal president lübke in the opera der 350 00:15:20,950 --> 00:15:24,040 zauberflöte listening begins in front of the door 351 00:15:24,040 --> 00:15:24,760 the evacuation 352 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:27,889 [music] 353 00:15:34,300 --> 00:15:37,100 also communard fritz teufel is 354 00:15:37,100 --> 00:15:39,830 on the street that day the 355 00:15:39,830 --> 00:15:43,330 brutality of the poli zei up close 356 00:15:43,330 --> 00:15:47,140 when the police tried to evacuate 357 00:15:47,140 --> 00:15:49,880 but settled down for a sit-in 358 00:15:49,880 --> 00:15:53,260 and that is a bit more difficult 359 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:57,140 and at the beginning I sat a little in 360 00:15:57,140 --> 00:15:59,660 the middle and then moved a 361 00:15:59,660 --> 00:16:01,310 little forward because I was 362 00:16:01,310 --> 00:16:03,110 also in the favorable throwing position for the 363 00:16:03,110 --> 00:16:05,960 driver wanted to come and ghosts began 364 00:16:05,960 --> 00:16:08,570 to evacuate one of the first who 365 00:16:08,570 --> 00:16:10,130 dragged them directly 366 00:16:10,130 --> 00:16:12,300 [music] 367 00:16:12,300 --> 00:16:14,250 the berlin police drive the 368 00:16:14,250 --> 00:16:16,110 demonstrators into the side streets of the 369 00:16:16,110 --> 00:16:19,170 kurfürstendamm shortly after 8 the 370 00:16:19,170 --> 00:16:22,280 slogan is given stick free 371 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:25,230 so the police were of course completely 372 00:16:25,230 --> 00:16:27,120 differently structured and it There were not 373 00:16:27,120 --> 00:16:27,870 a few 374 00:16:27,870 --> 00:16:30,710 in particular there would be Berlin among the 375 00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:32,930 police members who had also worked 376 00:16:32,930 --> 00:16:34,920 as police 377 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:36,870 officers during the Nazi 378 00:16:36,870 --> 00:16:38,940 era, so of course we had 379 00:16:38,940 --> 00:16:44,250 a very authoritarian image in mind and actually did not think very much 380 00:16:44,250 --> 00:16:47,670 of the fact that 381 00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:49,320 382 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:51,780 demonstrations could now be democratically 383 00:16:51,780 --> 00:16:53,030 384 00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:56,010 legitimized only unifo A well-established police force is on 385 00:16:56,010 --> 00:16:58,230 duty, but they also attack in civilian clothes. 386 00:16:58,230 --> 00:17:00,960 Among them, the officer karl heinz 387 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:02,760 388 00:17:02,760 --> 00:17:04,920 kurras meets 389 00:17:04,920 --> 00:17:07,109 the theology student benno 390 00:17:07,109 --> 00:17:09,959 ohnesorg in a dark backyard, a shot is fired what exactly 391 00:17:09,959 --> 00:17:12,689 happened here for a long time not quite clear 392 00:17:12,689 --> 00:17:15,329 without worrying about the floor a student 393 00:17:15,329 --> 00:17:17,339 takes care of he makes sure that an 394 00:17:17,339 --> 00:17:20,360 ambulance arrives 395 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:25,470 the seriously injured person is taken to the 396 00:17:25,470 --> 00:17:31,500 hospital an hour later he is 397 00:17:37,140 --> 00:17:39,000 dead the news of the student's death 398 00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:41,640 quickly makes the rounds a representative 399 00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:43,830 of the state apparatus has shot at a 400 00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:46,790 defenseless man, 401 00:17:47,790 --> 00:17:50,470 which creates a feeling of powerlessness 402 00:17:50,470 --> 00:17:53,700 and courage 403 00:17:53,820 --> 00:17:56,350 This shock effect is 404 00:17:56,350 --> 00:18:01,590 related to the feeling of mourning 405 00:18:01,590 --> 00:18:05,860 that the spark of this student movement 406 00:18:05,860 --> 00:18:08,020 that basically had 407 00:18:08,020 --> 00:18:10,570 previously been a phenomenon at the 408 00:18:10,570 --> 00:18:12,040 long-distance university in west berlin 409 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:13,630 , perhaps at the technical 410 00:18:13,630 --> 00:18:15,010 university hardly went 411 00:18:15,010 --> 00:18:16,960 beyond that that it then 412 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:18,940 jumped over is actually on all 413 00:18:18,940 --> 00:18:23,340 bu nde german universities lads 414 00:18:23,340 --> 00:18:25,800 everywhere in the country there are 415 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:28,510 wild clashes with the police for 416 00:18:28,510 --> 00:18:30,250 many the death of the student is their 417 00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:32,550 political awakening experience 418 00:18:32,550 --> 00:18:35,140 for a young german studies 419 00:18:35,140 --> 00:18:38,140 student from swabia it is 420 00:18:38,140 --> 00:18:40,540 good from ensslin who later 421 00:18:40,540 --> 00:18:42,610 co-founded the red army faction 422 00:18:42,610 --> 00:18:45,210 and 423 00:18:46,830 --> 00:18:49,570 the other can remind me how 424 00:18:49,570 --> 00:18:53,230 good and ensslin both came and panicked 425 00:18:53,230 --> 00:18:56,080 we have to arm ourselves 426 00:18:56,080 --> 00:18:58,750 they bring us a woman like that they 427 00:18:58,750 --> 00:19:00,460 say the state is shooting at us now 428 00:19:00,460 --> 00:19:03,060 we are shooting back as that was a 429 00:19:03,060 --> 00:19:08,380 very motivating element very strongly 430 00:19:08,380 --> 00:19:12,180 motivating element for violence 431 00:19:13,140 --> 00:19:15,120 so far if ensslin was marginally 432 00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:17,130 involved in political actions in 433 00:19:17,130 --> 00:19:19,020 west berlin he appeared again and 434 00:19:19,020 --> 00:19:20,700 again at events of the 435 00:19:20,700 --> 00:19:21,980 socialist german 436 00:19:21,980 --> 00:19:23,270 student 437 00:19:23,270 --> 00:19:26,809 438 00:19:26,809 --> 00:19:28,610 union [music] on the night of the fatal shots 439 00:19:28,610 --> 00:19:30,350 at ohnesorg, the 440 00:19:30,350 --> 00:19:32,960 berlin lawyer horst mahler was given the mandate in the 441 00:19:32,960 --> 00:19:34,909 death investigation 442 00:19:34,909 --> 00:19:37,480 without concern 443 00:19:38,289 --> 00:19:41,179 ragen founded the 444 00:19:41,179 --> 00:19:43,279 socialist attorney collective in 445 00:19:43,279 --> 00:19:45,950 berlin with like-minded people.The office specializes in 446 00:19:45,950 --> 00:19:48,200 the defense of students arrested during demonstrations 447 00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:50,169 448 00:19:50,169 --> 00:19:55,460 449 00:19:55,460 --> 00:19:57,639 450 00:19:57,639 --> 00:20:01,129 451 00:20:01,129 --> 00:20:03,830 452 00:20:03,830 --> 00:20:07,460 He has represented 453 00:20:07,460 --> 00:20:09,320 the so-called 454 00:20:09,320 --> 00:20:11,720 demonstration criminals in court at the most prominent lawyer 455 00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:13,210 456 00:20:13,210 --> 00:20:15,860 in the hospital, alleged 457 00:20:15,860 --> 00:20:17,600 458 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:20,330 attempts to cover up in the autopsy report say it was carelessly 459 00:20:20,330 --> 00:20:22,279 injured by a 460 00:20:22,279 --> 00:20:24,710 blunt object and died from 461 00:20:24,710 --> 00:20:27,860 a firearm 462 00:20:27,860 --> 00:20:29,950 463 00:20:29,950 --> 00:20:32,389 464 00:20:32,389 --> 00:20:34,820 Were stations there 465 00:20:34,820 --> 00:20:37,280 at that time it was so that I heard the 466 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:40,920 bullet out of the head of 467 00:20:40,920 --> 00:20:43,560 ohnesorg into this sheet metal shell 468 00:20:43,560 --> 00:20:45,600 and could immediately say the bullet sat 469 00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:47,190 there and there and there that was the 470 00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:49,020 firing channel so that a cover up If 471 00:20:49,020 --> 00:20:51,920 this moment was no longer possible 472 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:54,540 , the alleged shooting of an 473 00:20:54,540 --> 00:20:57,210 innocent person should be covered up who is 474 00:20:57,210 --> 00:20:59,010 the officer who surrenders the fatal shots in the 475 00:20:59,010 --> 00:21:01,280 dark 476 00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:03,690 against kurras, a procedure for 477 00:21:03,690 --> 00:21:05,870 negligent homicide is initiated 478 00:21:05,870 --> 00:21:08,970 as a representative of the co-plaintiff, horst mahler also takes 479 00:21:08,970 --> 00:21:12,350 part in the process 480 00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:15,830 one day sits the 481 00:21:15,830 --> 00:21:18,080 482 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:19,730 483 00:21:19,730 --> 00:21:23,020 Police officers in custody on remand he claims he felt threatened by the demonstrators and acted in self-defense.In 484 00:21:23,020 --> 00:21:25,910 the later trial, kurras was 485 00:21:25,910 --> 00:21:28,000 acquitted.It 486 00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:32,350 was thought that those who made use of their 487 00:21:32,350 --> 00:21:33,730 democratic rights such as 488 00:21:33,730 --> 00:21:35,500 freedom of assembly could, in case of 489 00:21:35,500 --> 00:21:37,960 doubt 490 00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:39,760 , expect police attacks up to and including shooting 491 00:21:39,760 --> 00:21:42,610 had and that those who 492 00:21:42,610 --> 00:21:43,810 were responsible for it could 493 00:21:43,810 --> 00:21:45,310 then count on acquittals 494 00:21:45,310 --> 00:21:48,910 again, so that 495 00:21:48,910 --> 00:21:50,970 was something like 496 00:21:50,970 --> 00:21:53,320 the question of the correctness of the 497 00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:55,840 system being 498 00:21:55,840 --> 00:21:58,090 punished more severely protester fritz 499 00:21:58,090 --> 00:22:00,100 teufel he also comes for it 500 00:22:00,100 --> 00:22:01,990 ne involvement in the events of 501 00:22:01,990 --> 00:22:03,730 June 2nd in 502 00:22:03,730 --> 00:22:05,610 pre-trial custody the accusation of 503 00:22:05,610 --> 00:22:08,230 trespassing and he is said to 504 00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:10,080 have thrown a stone 505 00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:14,549 148 days he sits in 506 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:21,250 front of the courtroom 507 00:22:21,250 --> 00:22:22,950 a crowd of angry demonstrators 508 00:22:22,950 --> 00:22:26,380 gathers the justice fair with two dimensions is 509 00:22:26,380 --> 00:22:30,669 your accusation he sat there as someone 510 00:22:30,669 --> 00:22:32,289 demonstrating did he demonstrate 511 00:22:32,289 --> 00:22:34,570 a dictatorship against 512 00:22:34,570 --> 00:22:36,929 the persian secret service against the shah regime he 513 00:22:36,929 --> 00:22:39,309 was in prison and 514 00:22:39,309 --> 00:22:42,660 who shot a student 515 00:22:42,660 --> 00:22:46,140 did not sit a day 516 00:22:46,140 --> 00:22:47,660 [music] 517 00:22:47,660 --> 00:22:49,730 on the first advent devil is released from pretrial 518 00:22:49,730 --> 00:22:52,160 detention a short time 519 00:22:52,160 --> 00:22:55,690 later the court pronounces him 520 00:22:55,690 --> 00:22:58,610 free Such injustices in the 521 00:22:58,610 --> 00:23:00,620 judiciary do not remain unaffected by left-wing 522 00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:02,090 intellectuals in the country, 523 00:23:02,090 --> 00:23:05,000 and journalist 524 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:07,720 ulrike 525 00:23:07,720 --> 00:23:10,940 meinhof meinhof is no 526 00:23:10,940 --> 00:23:13,760 longer a blank slate as editor-in-chief of the 527 00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:16,130 left-wing scene in 1967, specifically 528 00:23:16,130 --> 00:23:18,200 on topics such as the war in vietnam, 529 00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:20,540 the new eastern policy or the 530 00:23:20,540 --> 00:23:22,330 emergency laws 531 00:23:22,330 --> 00:23:24,710 in ei ner talk show of the north german 532 00:23:24,710 --> 00:23:26,210 radio, she criticizes the 533 00:23:26,210 --> 00:23:28,370 events of berlin in the strongest possible way 534 00:23:28,370 --> 00:23:31,000 we all know that kurras 535 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,030 the ohnesorg shot and 536 00:23:34,030 --> 00:23:37,940 that kurras is acquitted it is 537 00:23:37,940 --> 00:23:40,310 an idiot yes a man who does not know what 538 00:23:40,310 --> 00:23:41,290 he is doing 539 00:23:41,290 --> 00:23:45,340 police employ idiots is subject to 540 00:23:45,370 --> 00:23:50,890 the acquittal for fritz teufel himself 541 00:23:51,730 --> 00:23:54,020 the condenser class justice 542 00:23:54,020 --> 00:23:57,560 insofar as he was only acquitted for lack of evidence 543 00:23:57,560 --> 00:24:01,090 544 00:24:02,190 --> 00:24:06,570 on June 8, 67, 15,000 people give benno 545 00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:08,779 ohnesorg the last escort 546 00:24:08,779 --> 00:24:11,129 his coffin is transferred from berlin to 547 00:24:11,129 --> 00:24:12,649 548 00:24:12,649 --> 00:24:14,909 hanover problem-free the funeral procession passes the transit route through the gdr 549 00:24:14,909 --> 00:24:17,570 550 00:24:17,570 --> 00:24:20,730 only years later it becomes clear that the gdr 551 00:24:20,730 --> 00:24:22,559 itself [music] is entangled in the matter 552 00:24:22,559 --> 00:24:23,340 553 00:24:23,340 --> 00:24:26,560 554 00:24:26,980 --> 00:24:29,600 2009 the kurras case suggests to 555 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,450 vote again in the stasi subordinate authority in 556 00:24:32,450 --> 00:24:34,669 berlin files emerge on which the 557 00:24:34,669 --> 00:24:37,100 shooter kurras undoubtedly proves 558 00:24:37,100 --> 00:24:38,659 unofficial cooperation with the 559 00:24:38,659 --> 00:24:41,889 state security the find 560 00:24:42,100 --> 00:24:45,320 shows the incident of june 2nd in a 561 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:47,200 new light en 562 00:24:47,200 --> 00:24:49,450 was murdered without care on behalf of the 563 00:24:49,450 --> 00:24:52,860 stasi in order to stir up unrest in the west 564 00:24:52,860 --> 00:24:55,419 every form of destabilization of the 565 00:24:55,419 --> 00:24:57,880 political class enemy was the gdr 566 00:24:57,880 --> 00:25:00,909 welcome had it been known at the time that 567 00:25:00,909 --> 00:25:02,470 this civil officer had worked for 568 00:25:02,470 --> 00:25:05,980 the gdr state security 569 00:25:05,980 --> 00:25:08,500 that would of course have been that it would have been a 570 00:25:08,500 --> 00:25:09,669 bomb 571 00:25:09,669 --> 00:25:11,799 the political the consequences would have been incalculable 572 00:25:11,799 --> 00:25:13,299 573 00:25:13,299 --> 00:25:15,610 and in this respect one can of course also 574 00:25:15,610 --> 00:25:18,820 everything that I played in this man and the people in the know 575 00:25:18,820 --> 00:25:20,320 was of course 576 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:23,260 have to do everything to prevent that from 577 00:25:23,260 --> 00:25:24,659 578 00:25:24,659 --> 00:25:27,460 getting out the files can indeed 579 00:25:27,460 --> 00:25:29,440 prove a connection between kurras and the stasi 580 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:31,990 that he was on a political mandate 581 00:25:31,990 --> 00:25:33,789 Ohnesorg shot protesters 582 00:25:33,789 --> 00:25:37,950 but there is no evidence for this. 583 00:25:39,720 --> 00:25:42,450 Only a few months later 584 00:25:42,450 --> 00:25:44,760 another wave of horror rolls through the country 585 00:25:44,760 --> 00:25:48,570 on April 11, 68 student leader 586 00:25:48,570 --> 00:25:50,909 rudi Dutschke is seriously injured with three revolver shots on the open road 587 00:25:50,909 --> 00:25:54,620 588 00:25:54,860 --> 00:25:57,390 josef bachmann you have a worker from 589 00:25:57,390 --> 00:25:59,850 munich in front of his house Go ahead 590 00:25:59,850 --> 00:26:01,700 and shoot him down 591 00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:04,260 the rumor makes the rounds when he was 592 00:26:04,260 --> 00:26:06,510 arrested, editions of the Bild 593 00:26:06,510 --> 00:26:08,700 newspaper were found on him with 594 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:10,409 inflammatory headlines against the 595 00:26:10,409 --> 00:26:12,110 students 596 00:26:12,110 --> 00:26:14,610 how come that ever 597 00:26:14,610 --> 00:26:17,309 goes so far and then, as planned, 598 00:26:17,309 --> 00:26:19,230 rudi tusch would shoot again many 599 00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:20,610 who had answer is the fault of the 600 00:26:20,610 --> 00:26:23,190 springer press, the Bild newspaper, the bz 601 00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:24,539 and others would simply ensure through their 602 00:26:24,539 --> 00:26:26,700 reporting that 603 00:26:26,700 --> 00:26:29,159 such people would be so blinded that 604 00:26:29,159 --> 00:26:32,070 was the view in several cities 605 00:26:32,070 --> 00:26:33,720 people gather and demonstrate against the 606 00:26:33,720 --> 00:26:36,059 publisher for them is 607 00:26:36,059 --> 00:26:37,980 springer for them shots at your idol 608 00:26:37,980 --> 00:26:39,450 dutschke responsible 609 00:26:39,450 --> 00:26:42,919 [applause] 610 00:26:42,919 --> 00:26:45,470 beforehand 611 00:26:45,470 --> 00:26:48,450 the sds against the student movement against 612 00:26:48,450 --> 00:26:50,549 the extra-parliamentary opposition and 613 00:26:50,549 --> 00:26:52,289 against their representatives like rudi 614 00:26:52,289 --> 00:26:54,270 dutschke who had something very 615 00:26:54,270 --> 00:26:57,990 dirty and in this respect, of course, you saw the people 616 00:26:57,990 --> 00:26:59,429 617 00:26:59,429 --> 00:27:01,730 together. The 618 00:27:02,750 --> 00:27:05,669 evening after the shots the situation escalated 619 00:27:05,669 --> 00:27:08,130 thousands pull from r the springer 620 00:27:08,130 --> 00:27:10,679 skyscraper in berlin with burning 621 00:27:10,679 --> 00:27:12,390 torches and armed with stones 622 00:27:12,390 --> 00:27:14,159 , the demonstrators try 623 00:27:14,159 --> 00:27:15,870 to prevent the delivery of the bild newspaper 624 00:27:15,870 --> 00:27:17,470 625 00:27:17,470 --> 00:27:18,970 among them is a certain peter 626 00:27:18,970 --> 00:27:21,610 urbach he provides the protesting 627 00:27:21,610 --> 00:27:23,620 with molotov cocktails and instructs them 628 00:27:23,620 --> 00:27:26,110 how to tip over the 629 00:27:26,110 --> 00:27:28,120 gasoline in a publisher's car and the cars in lichterloh 630 00:27:28,120 --> 00:27:29,909 burn 631 00:27:29,909 --> 00:27:32,520 what nobody knows about the demonstrators 632 00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:34,630 urbach is a man of the berlin 633 00:27:34,630 --> 00:27:37,320 constitutional protection 634 00:27:37,470 --> 00:27:40,690 he reports to the secret service regularly 635 00:27:40,690 --> 00:27:43,620 about activities of the left-wing scene 636 00:27:43,620 --> 00:27:45,970 at the same time mixed vigorously in 637 00:27:45,970 --> 00:27:48,190 fueling the conflict with 638 00:27:48,190 --> 00:27:50,490 the state power 639 00:27:50,580 --> 00:27:53,610 it is now undisputed 640 00:27:53,610 --> 00:27:57,429 that urbach was actually the first case 641 00:27:57,429 --> 00:28:01,500 where it became clear 642 00:28:01,500 --> 00:28:05,590 that he got out of hand, 643 00:28:05,590 --> 00:28:07,860 he really 644 00:28:07,860 --> 00:28:09,960 acted on his own accord, 645 00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:13,890 which 646 00:28:13,890 --> 00:28:17,080 was not at all responsible in the criminal field from today's point of view 647 00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:20,700 , 648 00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:23,970 and so you have to see that the 649 00:28:23,970 --> 00:28:28,710 fund concept is 650 00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:31,120 fundamental to the discussion and the 651 00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:34,120 d The disposition is that what already revealed its structural weaknesses at that time 652 00:28:34,120 --> 00:28:36,600 653 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:38,610 654 00:28:38,610 --> 00:28:41,650 which begins this night will go down in history as the 655 00:28:41,650 --> 00:28:44,140 first riots of 68 656 00:28:44,140 --> 00:28:45,059 657 00:28:45,059 --> 00:28:47,279 these are the biggest riots after the end 658 00:28:47,279 --> 00:28:49,759 of the second world war a new 659 00:28:49,759 --> 00:28:53,389 escalation level of violence 660 00:28:55,190 --> 00:28:57,629 [applause] 661 00:28:57,629 --> 00:29:00,159 in the political Bonn is beyond the 662 00:29:00,159 --> 00:29:02,440 planned one emergency 663 00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:04,899 laws debated the kiesinger government 664 00:29:04,899 --> 00:29:06,639 sees its project confirmed by the nationwide unrest 665 00:29:06,639 --> 00:29:10,019 666 00:29:13,090 --> 00:29:15,420 that for me 667 00:29:15,420 --> 00:29:18,589 [applause] 668 00:29:20,610 --> 00:29:22,870 the basic law is to be supplemented 669 00:29:22,870 --> 00:29:25,060 by an emergency constitution that 670 00:29:25,060 --> 00:29:27,000 671 00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:29,460 should ensure the state's ability to act in crisis situations 672 00:29:29,460 --> 00:29:32,350 the project is another reason for 673 00:29:32,350 --> 00:29:34,660 the extra-parliamentary opposition 674 00:29:34,660 --> 00:29:37,360 to walk the streets 60,000 demonstrators take part in a star march 675 00:29:37,360 --> 00:29:40,180 on bonn 676 00:29:40,180 --> 00:29:41,310 677 00:29:41,310 --> 00:29:43,630 they fear a kind of new 678 00:29:43,630 --> 00:29:46,930 empowering law like the one when Hitler 679 00:29:46,930 --> 00:29:49,360 came to power in 1933 it was believed that under 680 00:29:49,360 --> 00:29:51,060 this condition 681 00:29:51,060 --> 00:29:54,820 a legal regulation would be created for a kind of exceptional state 682 00:29:54,820 --> 00:29:58,780 would go hand in hand with 683 00:29:58,780 --> 00:29:59,830 the abolition of parliamentary 684 00:29:59,830 --> 00:30:03,370 democracy insofar as 685 00:30:03,370 --> 00:30:05,890 there was massive criticism of the 686 00:30:05,890 --> 00:30:07,960 687 00:30:07,960 --> 00:30:10,150 688 00:30:10,150 --> 00:30:13,900 passing of the emergency laws but the laws could not be prevented on may 30, 68 pass the 689 00:30:13,900 --> 00:30:16,650 german 690 00:30:16,650 --> 00:30:20,230 691 00:30:20,230 --> 00:30:22,270 federal parliament at the end of the protest 68 hangover mood is widespread not only in 692 00:30:22,270 --> 00:30:24,430 germany the international 693 00:30:24,430 --> 00:30:26,680 protest movements are also experiencing a bitter 694 00:30:26,680 --> 00:30:29,650 disappointment in prague the tender 695 00:30:29,650 --> 00:30:31,600 hopes for more democracy are 696 00:30:31,600 --> 00:30:34,260 being crushed by tanks 697 00:30:36,210 --> 00:30:38,490 in the usa the young 698 00:30:38,490 --> 00:30:40,260 generation mourns the murder of the 699 00:30:40,260 --> 00:30:42,390 civil 700 00:30:42,390 --> 00:30:43,960 rights activist and hopefuls martin luther king 701 00:30:43,960 --> 00:30:45,260 [music] 702 00:30:45,260 --> 00:30:47,790 the great negative experience the 703 00:30:47,790 --> 00:30:49,560 frustration experience was the failure of 704 00:30:49,560 --> 00:30:51,380 the anti emergency 705 00:30:51,380 --> 00:30:53,910 and of course they also say that other 706 00:30:53,910 --> 00:30:56,730 things could not be implemented as 707 00:30:56,730 --> 00:31:00,500 one had thought and that is why 708 00:31:00,500 --> 00:31:03,390 small groups separated who were 709 00:31:03,390 --> 00:31:05,400 actually convinced that 710 00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,040 now only violence could help 711 00:31:08,040 --> 00:31:10,280 to change society 712 00:31:10,280 --> 00:31:14,010 A new form of protest has to be created when 713 00:31:14,010 --> 00:31:16,260 a department store is on fire in brussels 714 00:31:16,260 --> 00:31:18,060 the members of commune 1 in it a 715 00:31:18,060 --> 00:31:20,760 picture with symbolic power in leaflets 716 00:31:20,760 --> 00:31:22,710 formulate their joy in the 717 00:31:22,710 --> 00:31:24,900 destruction of the capitalist 718 00:31:24,900 --> 00:31:28,050 symbol department store a burning department store with 719 00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:30,270 burning people mediated for the 720 00:31:30,270 --> 00:31:31,890 first time in one european 721 00:31:31,890 --> 00:31:34,050 metropolis that sizzling vietnam 722 00:31:34,050 --> 00:31:35,540 feeling 723 00:31:35,540 --> 00:31:40,130 when the berlin 724 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:43,520 department stores byrne warehouse bern are 725 00:31:43,520 --> 00:31:48,040 on fire, the action was followed by 4 protesters on april second 68 the 726 00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:50,780 place of the action is frankfurt am main 727 00:31:50,780 --> 00:31:52,880 shortly before closing time in the lively 728 00:31:52,880 --> 00:31:55,600 shopping street 729 00:31:55,600 --> 00:31:58,670 zeil a young couple enters the schneider department store 730 00:31:58,670 --> 00:32:00,820 731 00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:03,419 on the escalator The two of them drive to 732 00:32:03,419 --> 00:32:05,940 the third floor and deposit two small parcels on 733 00:32:05,940 --> 00:32:07,559 a cupboard in the women's 734 00:32:07,559 --> 00:32:12,080 outerwear department, a 735 00:32:12,500 --> 00:32:15,290 parcel is also stored on the fourth floor in the nearby 736 00:32:15,290 --> 00:32:17,780 737 00:32:17,780 --> 00:32:20,210 department 738 00:32:20,210 --> 00:32:24,130 739 00:32:24,350 --> 00:32:27,780 store The fire brigade comes out and 740 00:32:27,780 --> 00:32:29,220 741 00:32:29,220 --> 00:32:30,710 tries to put out the fire. 742 00:32:30,710 --> 00:32:33,420 As if by a miracle, none of the 743 00:32:33,420 --> 00:32:35,940 guards on duty is injured. 744 00:32:35,940 --> 00:32:38,220 The damage caused amounts to 1.6 745 00:32:38,220 --> 00:32:40,770 million marks. Shortly before the detonation 746 00:32:40,770 --> 00:32:43,260 , a woman called the Frankfurt office of the 747 00:32:43,260 --> 00:32:45,180 German press agency and 748 00:32:45,180 --> 00:32:48,000 immediately told brands at Schneider 749 00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,220 and in Kaufhof it is a political 750 00:32:50,220 --> 00:32:51,950 act 751 00:32:51,950 --> 00:32:54,420 two days later the perpetrators are 752 00:32:54,420 --> 00:32:57,390 arrested it is andreas baader gudrun 753 00:32:57,390 --> 00:33:00,660 ensslin goalkeeper pröll and horst zu 754 00:33:00,660 --> 00:33:05,370 into the idea was 755 00:33:05,370 --> 00:33:07,320 to set a fanal against the vietnam war and you 756 00:33:07,320 --> 00:33:08,820 have two things 757 00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:11,370 This is because consumer behavior is linked to one another, the 758 00:33:11,370 --> 00:33:13,920 political blindness of consumers and 759 00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:16,470 the acceptance of the warlike 760 00:33:16,470 --> 00:33:19,190 behavior of the 761 00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:21,730 great power usa 762 00:33:21,730 --> 00:33:25,240 in autumn 68 the trial against 763 00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:26,800 the four arsonists begins before the higher regional court in 764 00:33:26,800 --> 00:33:28,620 frankfurt 765 00:33:28,620 --> 00:33:31,780 the accused use the podium to 766 00:33:31,780 --> 00:33:33,430 draw attention to their political demands 767 00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:36,460 , the court as authoritarian 768 00:33:36,460 --> 00:33:38,500 instance of do 769 00:33:38,500 --> 00:33:41,080 not take jurisdiction seriously you will be defended by 770 00:33:41,080 --> 00:33:43,180 the lawyers horst mahler and otto 771 00:33:43,180 --> 00:33:45,340 schieb we smoked cigarettes or 772 00:33:45,340 --> 00:33:47,680 cigars wearing sunglasses 773 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:50,380 on you should have 774 00:33:50,380 --> 00:33:52,900 displayed the behavior of show stars 775 00:33:52,900 --> 00:33:54,150 and 776 00:33:54,150 --> 00:33:57,880 not tried to say an 777 00:33:57,880 --> 00:33:59,380 educational role somehow 778 00:33:59,380 --> 00:34:01,510 To play along, which one absolutely 779 00:34:01,510 --> 00:34:03,520 must not expect from the accused, 780 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:06,190 indeed very clear signs that one did 781 00:34:06,190 --> 00:34:08,440 not want to submit to these rules 782 00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:09,420 and the 783 00:34:09,420 --> 00:34:11,159 systems 784 00:34:11,159 --> 00:34:13,800 as well they came in 785 00:34:13,800 --> 00:34:17,409 their animals their clothes of the detention 786 00:34:17,409 --> 00:34:19,199 in their prisoner 787 00:34:19,199 --> 00:34:24,280 clothes and and yes and one played that 788 00:34:24,280 --> 00:34:26,170 a little too sometimes it was basically the matter was 789 00:34:26,170 --> 00:34:27,270 very serious 790 00:34:27,270 --> 00:34:30,370 as a process 791 00:34:30,370 --> 00:34:32,560 observer ulrike meinhof also travels to frankfurt and 792 00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:34,210 writes a column on the subject of 793 00:34:34,210 --> 00:34:36,510 department store arson 794 00:34:36,510 --> 00:34:38,370 795 00:34:38,370 --> 00:34:41,070 796 00:34:41,070 --> 00:34:44,130 797 00:34:44,130 --> 00:34:46,260 798 00:34:46,260 --> 00:34:48,960 first time the later founding 799 00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:52,399 quartet of the raf 800 00:34:52,399 --> 00:34:55,679 basically the central formations 801 00:34:55,679 --> 00:34:58,230 the raf management team came together in the course of the 802 00:34:58,230 --> 00:35:01,350 process firstly because 803 00:35:01,350 --> 00:35:02,970 horst mahler acted as a defender there 804 00:35:02,970 --> 00:35:05,970 secondly as meaner 805 00:35:05,970 --> 00:35:08,240 as a journalist for 806 00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:11,370 the magazine 807 00:35:11,370 --> 00:35:15,480 and then baader and ensslin And 808 00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:17,610 so basically this 809 00:35:17,610 --> 00:35:20,280 quartet, this leading quartet, was 810 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:23,770 already recognizable from the contacts, as 811 00:35:23,770 --> 00:35:25,840 the accused are being sentenced to three years 812 00:35:25,840 --> 00:35:28,000 in prison for dangerous 813 00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:29,400 814 00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:32,040 arson, nobody had expected 815 00:35:32,040 --> 00:35:36,220 that that was a shock and people 816 00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:37,450 had to go to prison in general, the 817 00:35:37,450 --> 00:35:40,060 prison that was for many So from us 818 00:35:40,060 --> 00:35:41,560 so I would say for everyone it was 819 00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:43,450 absolutely new territory that was not what 820 00:35:43,450 --> 00:35:46,450 you knew where you belong, we 821 00:35:46,450 --> 00:35:47,890 all somehow came from the middle class and 822 00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:51,640 and the prison that was was was 823 00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:54,060 something that was then 824 00:35:54,060 --> 00:35:57,480 that which was outside of 825 00:35:57,480 --> 00:36:01,180 any experience should 826 00:36:01,180 --> 00:36:05,340 these people dr a year in custody 827 00:36:05,340 --> 00:36:08,110 the department store brand verdict is under 828 00:36:08,110 --> 00:36:08,770 revision 829 00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:10,750 the four convicts are 830 00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:13,240 temporarily released baader and 831 00:36:13,240 --> 00:36:14,950 ensslin and the siblings astrid and 832 00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:17,320 thorwald proll are involved in the 833 00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:19,650 so-called home children campaign 834 00:36:19,650 --> 00:36:22,180 the conditions in the 835 00:36:22,180 --> 00:36:24,400 children's and youth homes are criticized military 836 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:27,070 drill barracks mentality and hard 837 00:36:27,070 --> 00:36:29,880 physical work 838 00:36:34,610 --> 00:36:37,950 then we went to the homes 839 00:36:37,950 --> 00:36:40,100 and said here people 840 00:36:40,100 --> 00:36:42,900 a new time is beginning 841 00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:44,150 you have to defend yourself 842 00:36:44,150 --> 00:36:47,400 and and we did that too, when 843 00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:49,890 they all ran 844 00:36:49,890 --> 00:36:51,330 away, ulrike meinhof is also committed to 845 00:36:51,330 --> 00:36:52,860 disadvantaged young people, 846 00:36:52,860 --> 00:36:55,620 but above all it is andreas bader, who 847 00:36:55,620 --> 00:36:57,210 848 00:36:57,210 --> 00:36:59,370 849 00:36:59,370 --> 00:37:02,430 impressed the adolescents with his appearance questioning the authorities, he becomes a role model some of 850 00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:04,650 the later raf members are 851 00:37:04,650 --> 00:37:07,110 former children at home the children at home 852 00:37:07,110 --> 00:37:09,210 were always fascinated by the colossal 853 00:37:09,210 --> 00:37:11,790 because there was always something going on with money 854 00:37:11,790 --> 00:37:14,130 there were suddenly stormed 855 00:37:14,130 --> 00:37:16,500 libraries then left ma n to 856 00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:18,630 parties that you weren't invited to, 857 00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:20,670 your stomach was full and then 858 00:37:20,670 --> 00:37:23,160 , in the broadest sense, you did off-road exercises to be 859 00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:25,710 fit so the differentiated 860 00:37:25,710 --> 00:37:27,690 variety, completely different from the 861 00:37:27,690 --> 00:37:29,390 home eleven 862 00:37:29,390 --> 00:37:32,220 in november 69, the revision is 863 00:37:32,220 --> 00:37:34,710 rejected and for baader ensslin and 864 00:37:34,710 --> 00:37:36,540 hubert pröll is clear about their jail sentence 865 00:37:36,540 --> 00:37:38,130 they will 866 00:37:38,130 --> 00:37:40,590 not start the three of them leave for 867 00:37:40,590 --> 00:37:43,070 paris 868 00:37:48,770 --> 00:37:51,350 and 869 00:37:51,350 --> 00:37:53,090 i think 870 00:37:53,090 --> 00:37:55,290 good because some people at the end of this year 871 00:37:55,290 --> 00:37:58,710 jail time easily put away how to 872 00:37:58,710 --> 00:38:02,010 avatar little sex holes in paris they 873 00:38:02,010 --> 00:38:03,720 dive for a few weeks in 874 00:38:03,720 --> 00:38:05,850 the apartment of a friend and 875 00:38:05,850 --> 00:38:07,910 876 00:38:07,910 --> 00:38:10,299 think about how it could go on then you didn't know where to go 877 00:38:10,299 --> 00:38:12,549 and 878 00:38:12,549 --> 00:38:17,420 you went out of it, maybe wanted to 879 00:38:17,420 --> 00:38:20,630 write a book so it was 880 00:38:20,630 --> 00:38:22,789 a time to reflect on 881 00:38:22,789 --> 00:38:25,609 reorientation or now how to 882 00:38:25,609 --> 00:38:29,200 deal with the situation now 883 00:38:30,380 --> 00:38:33,480 in february 69 you will return to 884 00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:35,300 berlin 885 00:38:35,300 --> 00:38:36,870 decisive for this decision 886 00:38:36,870 --> 00:38:40,700 is attorney horst mahler 887 00:38:41,740 --> 00:38:45,730 who is after it alien traveled around andreas 888 00:38:45,730 --> 00:38:47,890 baader and gudrun ensslin who 889 00:38:47,890 --> 00:38:49,780 890 00:38:49,780 --> 00:38:51,970 had landed in parts after they had previously been in france to 891 00:38:51,970 --> 00:38:54,820 invite them to return to berlin 892 00:38:54,820 --> 00:38:58,810 and participate in a future greger city 893 00:38:58,810 --> 00:39:01,330 guerrilla organization 894 00:39:01,330 --> 00:39:03,040 and he succeeded so without horst 895 00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:05,200 mahler baader and ensslin did 896 00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:06,880 not return to berlin 897 00:39:06,880 --> 00:39:09,460 at all they had completely different plans and 898 00:39:09,460 --> 00:39:12,130 so you have to see that the 899 00:39:12,130 --> 00:39:16,590 spider in Kunduz nets he as a painter was 900 00:39:16,590 --> 00:39:19,119 baader and ensslin find 901 00:39:19,119 --> 00:39:21,340 shelter in ulrike meinhof's apartment in 902 00:39:21,340 --> 00:39:22,770 kufsteiner straße 903 00:39:22,770 --> 00:39:25,600 from here painter ensslin baader plan 904 00:39:25,600 --> 00:39:28,560 and meinhof building a militant 905 00:39:28,560 --> 00:39:31,600 underground group but for militant actions 906 00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:33,880 you need weapons through horst 907 00:39:33,880 --> 00:39:35,530 mahler a promising 908 00:39:35,530 --> 00:39:38,110 contact is made a certain s-bahn 909 00:39:38,110 --> 00:39:40,990 peter has a hot tip in a 910 00:39:40,990 --> 00:39:43,360 cemetery in old buckow weapons from the second world war are said to be 911 00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:45,940 buried 912 00:39:45,940 --> 00:39:47,670 [music] 913 00:39:47,670 --> 00:39:50,730 and so form and at night in 914 00:39:50,730 --> 00:39:53,560 several members Either of the troops digged 915 00:39:53,560 --> 00:39:55,030 in the moonlight in the sweat of their 916 00:39:55,030 --> 00:39:57,930 face found nothing suburban train 917 00:39:57,930 --> 00:40:00,430 peter said we dug so wrong 918 00:40:00,430 --> 00:40:01,390 we have to 919 00:40:01,390 --> 00:40:04,470 leave again one night later 920 00:40:04,470 --> 00:40:06,940 urbach gives the police 921 00:40:06,940 --> 00:40:10,420 the decisive tip on every fourth april 70 of 922 00:40:10,420 --> 00:40:12,310 a fictitious traffic control on 923 00:40:12,310 --> 00:40:14,200 the way to Bader cemetery can be 924 00:40:14,200 --> 00:40:17,170 arrested 925 00:40:17,170 --> 00:40:19,750 it is the same peter urbach who also 926 00:40:19,750 --> 00:40:21,490 927 00:40:21,490 --> 00:40:24,910 acted as an explosives supplier during the protests against Springer, a 928 00:40:24,910 --> 00:40:27,220 man from the constitution protection who 929 00:40:27,220 --> 00:40:29,349 regularly supplies the militant left with armed 930 00:40:29,349 --> 00:40:31,720 weapons and contributes to the militancy of the 931 00:40:31,720 --> 00:40:34,530 movement 932 00:40:34,530 --> 00:40:38,230 that was already team scandalous case yes 933 00:40:38,230 --> 00:40:40,210 us then it turned out 934 00:40:40,210 --> 00:40:42,730 through the research that there was already 935 00:40:42,730 --> 00:40:44,950 a committee of inquiry in the Berlin 936 00:40:44,950 --> 00:40:46,049 937 00:40:46,049 --> 00:40:49,839 House of Representatives 938 00:40:49,839 --> 00:40:51,849 939 00:40:51,849 --> 00:40:53,410 , some of which were peter urbach 940 00:40:53,410 --> 00:40:57,520 941 00:40:57,520 --> 00:40:59,319 942 00:40:59,319 --> 00:41:01,230 943 00:41:01,230 --> 00:41:03,790 about the neighbor the arrest is made immediately the 944 00:41:03,790 --> 00:41:05,410 decision to release him from custody 945 00:41:05,410 --> 00:41:06,420 946 00:41:06,420 --> 00:41:09,160 ulrike meinhof uses her contacts as a 947 00:41:09,160 --> 00:41:11,559 journalist she speaks to the left-wing 948 00:41:11,559 --> 00:41:14,500 publisher klaus wagenbach about a 949 00:41:14,500 --> 00:41:16,240 book project for the wagenbach publishing house 950 00:41:16,240 --> 00:41:19,900 to be created about children at home co- 951 00:41:19,900 --> 00:41:22,690 author andreas baader wagenbach wants 952 00:41:22,690 --> 00:41:25,829 that 953 00:41:29,020 --> 00:41:32,170 Financing the project so that the baths would be freed so 954 00:41:32,170 --> 00:41:33,450 I knew 955 00:41:33,450 --> 00:41:36,610 rüttgers a few hours later 956 00:41:36,610 --> 00:41:38,400 the police were 957 00:41:38,400 --> 00:41:41,910 because we had a contract 958 00:41:41,910 --> 00:41:44,590 horst mahler applied for release for the 959 00:41:44,590 --> 00:41:46,660 prisoner bader at the german 960 00:41:46,660 --> 00:41:48,370 central institute for social 961 00:41:48,370 --> 00:41:50,770 issues berlin dahlem should be researched for the project bader 962 00:41:50,770 --> 00:41:52,320 963 00:41:52,320 --> 00:41:54,610 is planned with help 964 00:41:54,610 --> 00:41:57,430 To be freed from two armed accomplices but 965 00:41:57,430 --> 00:42:00,550 the action is getting out of hand, there was 966 00:42:00,550 --> 00:42:02,680 probably someone injured 967 00:42:02,680 --> 00:42:05,620 and Ulrike was there and it was 968 00:42:05,620 --> 00:42:06,670 969 00:42:06,670 --> 00:42:08,580 not planned that 970 00:42:08,580 --> 00:42:11,020 she would have to flee with her because she should have stayed 971 00:42:11,020 --> 00:42:12,370 behind herself surprising, so to speak t 972 00:42:12,370 --> 00:42:15,450 be 973 00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:18,250 aware of the flight from meinhof and bader through the 974 00:42:18,250 --> 00:42:20,680 window meinhoff can no 975 00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:22,690 longer pretend she knew nothing about the liberation plan 976 00:42:22,690 --> 00:42:25,110 977 00:42:25,250 --> 00:42:27,900 this escape from the german 978 00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:30,329 central institute for social issues is 979 00:42:30,329 --> 00:42:32,549 practically the founding hour of the raf 980 00:42:32,549 --> 00:42:35,309 from this moment on We drove to the 981 00:42:35,309 --> 00:42:37,020 group as a whole that we had 982 00:42:37,020 --> 00:42:39,150 several it was closed we 983 00:42:39,150 --> 00:42:40,920 knew it was dangerous and at that time 984 00:42:40,920 --> 00:42:44,940 985 00:42:44,940 --> 00:42:46,859 we were looking for a large wanted letter on the Berlin advertising pillars where the 986 00:42:46,859 --> 00:42:49,890 well-known policewoman ulrike meinhof 987 00:42:49,890 --> 00:42:52,530 was searched for the group as a whole that 988 00:42:52,530 --> 00:42:54,510 meant no one could open up to me 989 00:42:54,510 --> 00:42:57,720 for ulrike meinhof it is 990 00:42:57,720 --> 00:42:59,309 the radical exit from her 991 00:42:59,309 --> 00:43:02,130 bourgeois life a large-scale manhunt 992 00:43:02,130 --> 00:43:03,410 is initiated, a 993 00:43:03,410 --> 00:43:06,119 promise of 10,000 994 00:43:06,119 --> 00:43:08,420 marks a reward for 995 00:43:13,910 --> 00:43:16,589 this driver posters where the only thing that was 996 00:43:16,589 --> 00:43:19,170 visited was how common it was, it was clear that 997 00:43:19,170 --> 00:43:21,150 they could no longer hold back and that was 998 00:43:21,150 --> 00:43:22,530 perhaps a mistake because we were 999 00:43:22,530 --> 00:43:24,660 always thought like that only g Well, 1000 00:43:24,660 --> 00:43:26,940 how far does it go in the radical 1001 00:43:26,940 --> 00:43:29,329 in the radicalization 1002 00:43:29,329 --> 00:43:32,730 the liberation action in west berlin is 1003 00:43:32,730 --> 00:43:34,710 the hour of birth of the red army 1004 00:43:34,710 --> 00:43:38,490 faction a terror organization like 1005 00:43:38,490 --> 00:43:41,040 the republic 1006 00:43:41,040 --> 00:43:44,150 will keep breathless for almost three decades 1007 00:43:46,140 --> 00:43:49,360 [music]